What is wrong with inheritable inequality an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

What is wrong with inheritable inequality? As we all know people have always been unequal. It was determined by numerous factors even many centuries ago, and nowadays the amount of those factors has increased greatly. In the dawn of the humankind history people had little property, so that the social status was determined by other marks, like authority and skillfulness. There were little things that marked the difference in people's social statuses, like better pieces of food, better place near the fire and more attention from the side of the representatives of the opposite sex. Nowadays it's much easier to tell the difference between the representatives of people who possess different social status. They differ a lot in their language, national origin, clothing, gender and interests. Need essay sample on "What is wrong with inheritable inequality?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Very Often Tell Us:I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the timeSpecialists suggest: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic EssayCheap Essays Within Hours Blog Post Writers Top Essay Writing Cheap Essay Writing In the aboriginal societies social status was a matter of personal achievement. The only stable characteristic in those times was gender. Every man could become the Best Hunter, if he tried hard, and every woman could claim the status of the Wisest in case she was clever enough for it. The situation nowadays is much different from the one that existed centuries ago. People are born with the ascribed social status, which depends on the social status of his or her parents. The society has its expectations of the members of all the social classes. In general they are expected to get the education, hold a position and have earnings which are more or less common for the members of his or her class. If he or she fails to perform it, the society labels them lame ducks and under dogs. And, vice versa, if the member of the defined social group performs better than he was expected to perform, people call him a successful person. We can note that the evaluations we give to the social successes or failures of the surrounding people are of great dependence from the social status of the person we evaluate. For example, if we get to know that Mary, the child of the working poor, entered Harvard University, we would be impressed. But if Mary's parents are university professors and lecturers we would take her success for granted. The Egalitarian society, a society where all the social statuses are achieved, gave its members a strong motivation for development and perfection of their skills and talents, which increased the overall level of proficiency in the given society. The members of the Egalitarian society had valid stimulus for the personal and professional development, as they knew that they were able to change their social status completely. Nowadays people have less motivation for trying to achieve perfection in their agency. As we can note, in our times it's much harder to change your social status than it was couple of dozens of centuries before. The society is much more rigid today due to its size and strong social stratification. People, who are in power in our society (Stratified Society), are aware, that the resources on the Earth are scarce, so that the other people's access to the goods and services should be limited. They control the distribution of the goods among the members of the society, ensuring that there always remain resources for the ruling top. The institute of crown is the bright example of the inheritable inequality. When people elect a leader for themselves, they are aware that he or she is the same human being as they are. As the fulfillment of the duties of the leader requires time and effort, he or she cannot perform the usual job needed for survival, so that others satisfy the leader with everything needed. Time passes, and the surroundings understand the importance of the role of the leader. They feel their life has become much easier with the appearance of the organizer of their activities. Then they begin to associate the personality of the leader with the functions he performs. At this stage leader seems to be much cleverer and better from the "usual people". The leaders descendants are often thought to inherit this personal oneness. As the ruling elite in the stratified society does it's best to keep its positions and transmit them to their children, people in those societies are evaluated not on the basis of their usefulness to the whole society, but according to the specialized use the representatives of the ruling elite can make of the specific person. Thus valuable specialists whose labor isn't demanded by the ruling class are often unable of getting a job, they don't have the rights and privileges that those who are of more use to the reach and powerful have. Gender is also one of the factors of inheritable inequality. O course women are incapable of performing some hard physical labor, and man cannot perform some of the females work, but, in general, this is a sphere where numerous unwarrantable stereotypes exist. It often happens that a women who's a great specialist, educated person with great work experience, applies for a job, and her application is either rejected in favor of a male applicant, or she is proposed a salary much lower than her male colleagues have. This leads to the psychological problems for the given women and the irrational use of human resources for the country in general. From the dawn of the humankind history people were unequal. It's normal, as some people are stronger, cleverer and nicer than the others, and if they work a lot to get a higher social status it's their right. But the change in social status should be reached by the person itself. The tradition of inheriting high social positions, especially those dealing with power and control is dangerous, as power can fall into the hands of a rude, hostile or even silly person. Social statuses should be distributed according to the personal achievements of the given person. Reference Van Der Elst, Dirk. The Shaft, and How you Got It. Culture As Given, Culture As Choice. Waveland Press, 2003

Thomas Malthus on Population

Thomas Malthus on Population In 1798, a 32-year-old British economist anonymously published a lengthy pamphlet criticizing the views of the Utopians who believed that life could and would definitely improve for humans on earth. The hastily written text, An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers, was published by Thomas Robert Malthus. Thomas Robert Malthus Born on February 14 or 17, 1766 in Surrey, England, Thomas Malthus was educated at home. His father was a Utopian and a friend of the philosopher David Hume. In 1784 he attended Jesus College and graduated in 1788; in 1791 Thomas Malthus earned his masters degree. Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural human urge to reproduce human population increases geometrically (1, 2, 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.). However, food supply, at most, can only increase arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.). Therefore, since food is an essential component to human life, population growth in any area or on the planet, if unchecked, would lead to starvation. However, Malthus also argued that there are preventative checks and positive checks on the  population that slow its growth and keep the population from rising exponentially for too long, but still, poverty is inescapable and will continue. Thomas Malthus example of population growth doubling was based on the preceding 25 years of the brand-new United States of America. Malthus felt that a young country with fertile soil like the U.S. would have one of the highest birth rates around. He liberally estimated an arithmetic increase in agricultural production of one acre at a time, acknowledging that he was overestimating but he gave agricultural development the benefit of the doubt. According to Thomas Malthus, preventative checks are those that affect the birth rate and include marrying at a later age (moral restraint), abstaining from procreation, birth control, and homosexuality. Malthus, a religious chap (he worked as a clergyman in the Church of England), considered birth control and homosexuality to be vices and inappropriate (but nonetheless practiced). Positive checks are those, according to Thomas Malthus, that increase the death rate. These include disease, war, disaster, and finally  when other checks dont reduce the population, famine. Malthus felt that the fear of famine or the development of famine was also a major impetus to reduce the birth rate. He indicates that potential parents are less likely to have children when they know that their children are likely to starve. Thomas Malthus also advocated welfare reform. Recent Poor Laws had provided a system of welfare that provided an increased amount of money depending on the number of children in a family. Malthus argued that this only encouraged the poor to give birth to more children as they would have no fear that increased numbers of offspring would make eating any more difficult. Increased numbers of poor workers would reduce labor costs and ultimately make the poor even poorer. He also stated that if the government or an agency were to provide a certain amount of money to every poor person, prices would simply rise and the value of money would change. As well, since population increases faster than production, the supply would essentially be stagnant or dropping so the demand would increase and so would price. Nonetheless, he suggested that capitalism was the only economic system that could function. The ideas that Thomas Malthus developed came before the industrial revolution and focuses on plants, animals, and grains as the key components of the diet. Therefore, for Malthus, available productive farmland was a limiting factor in population growth. With the industrial revolution and the increase in agricultural production, land has become a less important factor than it was during the 18th century. Thomas Malthus printed the second edition of his Principles of Population in 1803 and produced several additional editions until the sixth edition in 1826. Malthus was awarded the first professorship in Political Economy at the East India Companys College at Haileybury and was elected to the Royal Society in 1819. Hes often known today as the patron saint of demography and while some argue that his contributions to population studies were unremarkable, he did indeed cause population and demographics to become a topic of serious academic study. Thomas Malthus died ​in Somerset, England in 1834.

The Epic of Gilgamesh and Hammurabi's Code Essay

The Epic of Gilgamesh and Hammurabi's Code - Essay Example Gilgamesh was going to the temple of Shamash to consult with the god before undertaking a major mission also shows the great influence religion had in Mesopotamia. In both of these texts, it can be noted that the sun – god Shamash, who was also the Mesopotamian god of justice, plays a major role in some of the major events which take place considering that he granted Hammurabi the laws and always gave guidance to Gilgamesh so that he would succeed in his missions (Hawkins, 277 – 278). The values of the ancient Sumerians seem to have been guided by their religion and many believed that they needed the authority of a god while doing anything important to ensure that their actions were a success. One would notice in these texts that the relationships between the people of this society in the ancient times were very close and that friendships had a higher value then than they have today. Friends tended to treat each other more like siblings than as people from different bac kgrounds and a good example of this is the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Although Gilgamesh was the king of Uruk and Enkidu was wild man from the fields, these two strike a friendship that would be very unlikely in the current times. It can further be noted that the rulers of ancient Mesopotamia tended to place a very high value to their connection with the gods most likely in an attempt to justify their authority over their people. We note that Hammurabi claims to have been in direct communication with a god when he was given the laws, which would be imposed, on his people (Beaulieu, 11). Gilgamesh on the other hand is said to have been two-thirds god and one-third man and that his mother was the goddess Ninsun who is repeatedly seen to intercede on his behalf to the other gods.

Development of the new england colonies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Development of the new england colonies - Essay Example In 1608, a branch of separatist group of Scrooby decided to flee to Holland. This group comprised of humble individuals, and in Holland, they found low paying jobs. This situation caused some people of the group to quit for other religions. In 1620, a large group of separatist pilgrim left for Mayflower a region that was named Plymouth situated on the Coast of what is today Southeastern Massachusetts. Unfortunately, this group encountered many problems in the new world. For instance, they had the difficulty of crossing the ocean and inadequate supply of food left many hungry. The local Indians assisted Plymouth Colony, and they survived the harsh conditions (Smith 1963, 33). Many puritans who were still living in England were now interest in colonization. In 1629, a group of lawyers and merchants organized a company they called Massachusetts Bay. As time went by, Massachusetts received a royal charter securing its rights to govern the region of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. It too k a short time for people to settle in New England by about over twenty thousand settlers. According to Anderson (1992, 66-68), the settlers built towns in the New World. Charles II continued to issue royal charters to these immigrants in 1660s, in that some of them decided to settle in Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Rhodes Island. Massachusetts successfully conquered New Hampshire in the 1640’s but it was until 1679 when it became a separate colony. In addition, the New England colonists divided the land among themselves in that some families had about 150 acres of land. As this habit continued, the increasing number of young families moved on to western Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. Men headed their families in that they sought strict respect and obedience from their children even when they became adults. On the other hand, wives were to be submissive to their husbands. During that time, the law demanded that women who possessed any property were required to surrender it before marriage. At that time, the issue of divorce was almost impossible until the dawn of late eighteenth century. When elections were held in colonies, women were not allowed to vote. Only the widows and single women in society held the same rights as men. The colonies utilized town meetings as basis of their self-governance whereby, town meetings required unanimous consent of all town men. Church played a vital role in the development of new colonies in England. Churches were established at the same time towns were being built. Ministers held much power in that they had the ability to influence over the private and public lives of the people but held no government offices. The colonists were demanded to attend church services and assist ministers in their work in all colonies. New England did not enjoy harmony as the arriving immigrants from England who began to settle in New England disagreed with the local people. These conflicts emerged over different issues such as the right way to regulate livestock, plant crops and distribute land. Towns developed and became overcrowded resulting in many families relocating to outlying districts and wanted to establish their own schools and churches. Religion was the main banning issue in New England among the colonies such as Virginia, New Hampshire, a

International Accounting Standards Master Essay

International Accounting Standards Master - Essay Example The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) replaced the IASC which had stopped operations in April, 2001(Schioppa,2004). The new replacement board concentrated its efforts developing the International Financial Reporting Standards starting in the year 2001. Furthermore, the International Accounting Standards Board in London is a privately-funded and independent accounting standard-setter that headquartered in London, United Kingdom(Buthe,2005). They say that accounting is an art. Meaning, any accounting data can be written in whatever style the bookkeeper or accountant wants provided information is understood. In summary, the International Accounting Standards (IASs) had been issued by the IASC from 1973 to 2000. Also, the International Accounting Standards Board had been replaced by the International Accounting Standards Council in 2001. Since then, the IASB has amended some IASs, it had inclusively proposed to amend other IASs, it had proposed to replace some IASs with new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), and had adopted or even proposed certain new IFRSs on topics for which there was no previous IAS. With the help of their separate committees, both the IASC and the IASB had issued Interpretations of Standards. Finally, the financial statements must comply with all of the requirements of each applicable standard and each applicable interpretation to be described as complying with IFRSs. C) International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) in relation to International Accounting StandardsIn terms of interpreting the international accounting standards, the International Accounting Standards Board has replaced the IASC's Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) with the the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). The replacement took place in the year 2001. This committee is mandated to reviews or not. on a regular basis inside the context of current International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and the IASB Framework, all accounting issues that will likely receive differing or unacceptable treatment in the non- appearance of authoritative guidance. Its view is to reach consensus on the appropriate accounting treatment. When developing its interpretations of financial accounting theory, the IFRIC gets feedback as it works hand in hand with similar national committees from many countries in the world. The IFRIC makes technical decisions that are taken at sessions where the public is invited to observe. The bottom line here is that the international accounting standards must be distributed and explained to all countries in the world for understandability and speed(Buthe,2005) As a result of the virorous efforts of The three accounting bodies above, the existing procedure for setting international accounting standards is now well established. Since accounting is the language of business, then international accounting standards insures that more nations understand each other when scrutinizing the balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flows. II. Why is the development of International

Trinidad And Tobago By World War II History Essay

Trinidad And Tobago By World War II History Essay World War 2, also known as the Second World War was the largest and most violent armed conflict in history which lasted for more than six years from 1939 to 1945, which produced approximately 50 million deaths. This war involved the most countries compared to any other war and introduced many weapons and ended with the first use of nuclear weapons. It began in Europe on September 1st, 1939 when the Germans invaded Poland without any formal declaration, while Britain and France as allies formally declared war on Germany and the latter was aided by Italy and Japan. However in the early 1930s, the war began earlier with Japanese interventions in China. In Europe the war ended on May 8th 1945 with Germany surrendering and in Asia on September 2nd, 1945 when the Japan officially surrendered. The purpose of this paper is to critique the view that World War II ushered in radical changes in Trinidad and Tobago, firstly I provided a brief history of World War II and how Trinidad became apart of it. Lastly I discussed the social, infrastructure, economic and cultural changes it brought in Trinidad and Tobago. The research method employed in this paper was a form of non-experimental research as secondary data was collected in order to evaluate the changes World War II to brought to Trinidad and Tobago. In carrying out this research, a major limitation was that information on the research topic was not easily available both on the internet and libraries and it is therefore recommended schools and national libraries encompass more resources on Trinidad and Tobagos history. History of World War II On September 1st, 1939 Adolf Hitler and his German Nazis invaded  Poland and attacked from their battle ship. The Germans were equipped with a substantial and well-organized general and soldiers causing Poland to surrender. In turn the next day Britain and France formally declared war against Germany and swore their allegiance as a result of defending democracy. Germany was later on joined by Japan and Italy to suppress the rest of the world, they were known as the Axis powers. Against them were the allies; the United Kingdom, France and many others that came later. The United Stated of America remained neutral with the passage of the Neutrality Act of 1937, making it unlawful for the United States to trade with combative groups. However on December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the American base of Pearl Harbor in the Hawaii islands thereby the Americans entered into war against the Axis. The United States of American was determined to restrain the Axis powers with their massive economic resources and in the end won the war for the Allies and collapsed the Axis powers. The Germans surrendered to the United States of America and their allied forces and the war in Europe was over and a couple months after Japan surrendered after attacking Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In order for United Stated of America to defeat the Axis powers, they outsourced countries to set up base, Trinidad was on of them in which had a major impact on the country socially, culturally, economically and racially. World War II today continues to receive much interest as it left many political, social and military implications throughout the World. Trinidad and World War II Trinidad played an important role in the Allied war effort, in doing so World War II had a significant impact on the social, economic, racial and cultural development of Trinidad. On September 2, 1940, nearly a year after the World War II began, British government, Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed to allow the United States of America military to establish and operate bases in several British Caribbean territories. On October, 10 1940, a memorandum was sent to the Governor of Trinidad and Tobago by Admiral John W. Greenslade of the United States of America stating his visit to Trinidad for the purpose of investigating the location and facilities to be leased to the United States of America for naval and air bases and army establishments. The memorandum included the request for location near shore, areas for defence, training, and storage of supplies, hospitalization, landing fields, and fleet anchorage. The Governor of Trinidad and Tobago, Sir Hubert Young along with his advis ors Mr. Grinnell and Mr. Beard questioned a number of facilities requested by the United States and proposed an alternative site, the Caroni Swamp. The United Stated engineer, Commander Bragg, stated that the current state of the Caroni Swamp at the time was unfeasible for military intent and would take fifteen years to drain and construct to meet the requirement for the military use. In addition Governor Young was aware that the local population would resent the idea of using North West Peninsula and as a result cause friction, however the United States government were adamant on setting up their bases on Wallerfield / Sangre Grande and Chagaramas. The British Government and the United States of America agreed on a Bases for Destroyers Agreement in which the United States was granted British islands to establish their naval or air bases on ninety-nine year free leases on the Newfoundland, Eastern side of the Bahamas, Southern coast of Jamaica, Western cost of St. Lucia, West coast of Trinidad, Antigua and British Guiana in exchange for fifty destroyers which was also referred to as the flush-deck destroyers or the four-pipers. In Trinidad the North West Peninsula including the Five Island in Chaguaramas (See Appendix A) and Waller field were leased to the United States for naval and air base, this resulted in the removal of North West Peninsula residents. Britains motive for entering into the bases for destroyers agreement was an attempt both to strengthen its forces and to enlist the United States in the defense of its colonial territories. British Prime Minister Churchill cautioned American President Franklin D. Roosevelt that if Britain was defeated, its colonial islands close to America could become as threat to America if they became German territory. Therefore the United States of America was initially a neutral party during the first two years of the war and their aim for the deal was made not only to better the Allies chances against the Axis but also to ensure that no other European power gained a stronghold in the Americas. Trinidad was the assembly point for the vital oil tankers; the governments political alliance with the United States did not directly put at the country at risk however the construction of the American bases had a remarkable socio-economic impact on the country. According to Brereton, Trinidad played the following significant roles during the war in assisting the United States; it was the convoy-assembly point transmitting tankers from the Caribbean oil ports across the Atlantic to North Africa and Europe, secondly the Gulf of Paria was used by US carriers and airplanes for their final exercises before going to the Pacific Battleground via the Panama Canal. Thirdly planes for the Eighth Army in North Africa were ferried through Trinidad and lastly vessels and civilian planes from South America had to stop at Trinidad for clearance to proceed to North America and European destinations (Brereton, 1982). Economic Changes The American Base in Trinidad had a number of positive and negative effects on the countrys economy, infrastructure, social and cultural aspects, each one will be discussed separately. Locals were thrilled by the opportunities in which the American Base would bring, according to Neptune (1970) both Indo-Trinidadian cane cutters and Afro-Trinidadian domestic servants were ready take advantage of what they expected to be more remunerative U.S. employers. He made reference to Ralph De Boissiers Rum and Coco Cola narration the rosiest illusions about the chances awaiting them. (Neptune, 1970). At the same time planters were disgruntled since they believed workers would abandon the state to work on the American base. To assist the planters, Governor Young consulted the American authorities to implement the prevailing wages policy in which they agreed to adhere to the local pay scale that preceded their arrival in the colony, Trinidad employers were pleased however workers were disappointed (Neptune, 1970). In May 1942, the Americans requested authorization from the Trinidad Governor to increase wages, stating it was necessary to acquire base labour. According to Neptune, some ignored the colonial administration by paying unskilled and semiskilled labourers the rates of a skilled worker. There were a number of major positive effects of the American base in Trinidad. According to Neptune although the base did not offer high wagers as workers expected the Yankee in which locals referred the Americans as enticed the locals to work on the American base as the American boss were rewarding, they offered overtime and holiday bonus. The American base employed more that 15,000 workers in formal positions within six months of construction of the base, the number working informally from show-shine boys to portraits artist was incalculable. The number of employees rose to 25,000 six months later including clerks, teachers and policeman. Neptune went on to say where trained teachers had a salary of $30 a month, they made between $80 and a $150 dollars per month clerking for Americans. In addition in 1940 only 5 officers left the service , where as in 1941 a total of 21 left and for the first two months of 1942 the figure had already reached 24 (Neptune, 1970). The construction of the American base created a large opportunity of employment for the locals According to Brereton, 1982 between 15 and 20 percent of the labor force were employed on the American base. The wages increased thereby increased rural-urban migration causing a shortage of agricultural labor as sugar employment dropped from 30,000 in 1939 to 18,000 in 1943 (Brereton, 1982). World War II resulted in a slower trade around the world and thereby changed production in Trinidad and Tobago, agricultural exports decreased. According to the Library of Congress, 1987 during the 1950s, agricultures share of total output dropped from 17 to 12 percent Trinidad and Tobago was a crown colony and therefore it served as a market for British products. According to Horne (2003) a large number of foods was imported along with books, fabrics, footwear, equipment and tools. Furthermore the Americans occupied agricultural areas such as Valencia which provided fruits; vegetables and carenage for fishing however German submarines invaded the waters during the war and ships were torpedoed causing a shortage in food. This led to a new system of retailing fish and crops and the cost of living rose. On the contrary, the oil industry experienced a boom, according to the Library of Congress (1987), the real gross domestic product increased an average of 8.5 percent annually from 1951 to 1961 and growth averaged 10 percent annually from 1956 to 1961. The real per capita income increased 15 percent. Oil, construction, and manufacturing emerged as dominant industrial sectors. In 1956 a United States oil company, Texaco, entered Trinidad and Tobago and consolidated several holdings of other companies. Oil production jumped from under 60,000 barrels per day prior to 1950 to 80,000 barrels per day toward the end of the decade. In addition, the price of oil continued to rise, allowing for increased oil earnings and growing government revenues (Library of Congress, 1987). Prior to the Americans in Trinidad, more than 10,000 poor women were employed in domestic work, by teenage years; girls had already mastered cooking, cleaning, ironing, and laundering. According to Neptune domestic work accounted for 36% of the islands wages-earning females in the 1930s; however these women endured terrible working conditions in which they worked from dawn till late night for $4 to $10 dollar. In the midst of American arrival where no prevailing wages policy, they offered higher rates than the British and thereby servants began deserting the British colonial employers. According to Neptune, the colonys housewives were in a frenzy causing social friction between Americans and understaffed Trinidadians. However it drove the administration to establish a vocational education committee to oversee the training of domestic workers to improve the dispute between servants and their employers. The American base also brought on a spending economy where there was a boost in the services such as hotels, bars and small businesses. The American base in Trinidad also brought on negative effects on the economy, according to Horne (2003) the government of Trinidad and Tobago incurred a number of expense during the stay of the American Base. The government had to maintain and upkeep the roads used freely by the American official vehicles stationed at the bases, because the agreement exempt from license and registration fees. Secondly the government had to maintain the airport and maintenance cost increased due to the damage to the runaways from heavy military planes. Thirdly the landing and parking fees of the aircraft were free, moreover Trinidad revenue suffer since the government lost 1 million dollars in revenue from excise duties through the delivery at each Base of 10 million gallons of gasoline, 1 million gallons of kerosene duty free( Horne, 2003). Infrastructure The building of the American base launched extensive infrastructure projects for example construction of better roads, causing construction to more than double in over ten years. The American Navy Construction Brigade constructed road to Maracas Bay as compensation for the loss of North West Peninsula (Brereton, 1982) Manufacturings output, encouraged by generous fiscal incentives since 1950, also increased rapidly, although its share of gross domestic product rose from 11 to 13 percent. (Library of Congress, 1987). Culture The American culture also impacted on Trinidad such as their dress mode in which locals admired and adopted. According to Harvey Neptune in November 1939, a small number of Port of Spain office workers issued a plea for cooler dressing; their request was ignored until the arrival of the Americans. On September 16 1941, a policy was created declaring coat, tie and long pants optional work wear and the acceptance of open neck shirts and short pants. Neptune stated that the some expressed grief, saying it was a breakdown of standard respectability and policy for dress reform showed the government supported social disorder. A number of critics who were committed to the British dress style protested against the governments decision, a Port of Spain layer and city deputy, Leo Pujadas, expressed his anger with the dress reform policy saying it was a drastic change and would weaken the social standard of traditional dress. The dress reform was linked to the Yankee culture, in which they would go to church wearing short-sleeved shirts that was out of their pants and no coats. According to Neptune, Pujadas viewed that it was a way of emulating the irresponsible Americans and hoped that Trinidadians continued to adopt the Europeans fashion style. Another critic expressed his view that with the dress reform people would not be able to distinguish the lads from the grownups and others saw it as a decline of civilization (Neptune, 1970). In today society, Trinidadians dress code is unconventional and westernized; this is dated back from World War II and has become prominent with easier access to westernized culture particularly the United States of America. Social Changes The American base did not only trigger drastic economical and infrastructural changes in Trinidad, it also generated substantial social transformation. Traditionally women who bears a child out of wedlock was looked down on, however to the people who came to work on the bases held that position that a young woman did not have to wait till marriage to carry a child. Secondly with the large number of American soldiers entering the country, prostitution became prominent, and brothels were constructed nearby the base. Calypso in Trinidad was a medium of story telling events in the society, Calypsonians during this time sang about the increase of prostitution with the building of the American base. Lord Invaders song, Rum and Coca Cola (See Appendix B) in 1943 proclaimed women in Trinidad working for American money which referred to the enormous increase in Trinidadian women who were making their living as prostitutes with American soldiers as their clients. His lyrics stated If a Yankee comes to Trinidad, they got the young girls all going mad, Young girls say they treat them nice and Both mother and daughter, Working for the Yankee dollar (ITZCaribbean, 2004). These lyrics illustrate the locals referring the American soldiers as Yankees, and it talks about women working for American soldiers referring to prostitution. In 1945, an American group called the Andrews Sisters sang over the song which became a hit in the United States. In 1956, another calypsonian known as The Mighty Sparrow released a song called Jean and Dinah (See Appendix C) also proclaiming prostitution during and after the closing of the American base. His words were Well the girls in town feeling bad, No more Yankees in Trinidad. They going to close down the base for good, Them girls have to make out how they could and So when you bounce up Jean and Dinah, Rosita and Clementina, round the corner posing, Bet your life is something they selling, And if you catch them, You can get them all for nothing, Dont make no row, the Yankees gone, Sparrow take over now (elyrics, 2000)Again in sparrow lyrics American soldiers are referred to as Yankees, in addition he spoke about the large scale prostitution that the bases once supported and the desperation of these prostitutes following the closure of several American military bases  in Trinidad in the post war period. The American base did not only bring social issues to Trinidad but musicians were able to create music from American materials, according to Horne (2003) when the British captured Trinidad from Spain the Carnival festival was allowed to continue. Musicians at the time of poor areas used dry bamboo sticks as percussion instruments to accompany their parades however these illegal. With World War II and the entering of the Americans in Trinidad who brought fifty-five gallon steal oil drums, the Trinidadian musicians improvised and used these drums. They made dents, various cavities such as depth and shallow as well as different sizes which produced various musical sounds and scales. Musicians were poor and no formal musical training however they were able to coordinate and memorize the musical notes, thus the steel band was born (Horne, 2003). Today steel band is very popular and developed not only in Trinidad and Caribbean Islands but it is known throughout the world Another impact of the American base in Trinidad was the locals view on the American status. Trinidadians were not only attracted to the wages offered by the Americans, locals were in elated of the American outlook towards the base, Locals drawn towards the American base because of the adventure of the employment in which the base offered. According to Neptune working for Americans presented the opportunity to participate in an exciting new world and the desire for liberty and novelty by young people were satisfied by working on the base. Neptune referenced Samuel Selvons, A Brighter Sun, a story in about an Indo-Trinidadian called Bunsee become comically pompous and fancied himself as a man of prestige because had an office job with the Americans. The story demonstrated how American employment satisfied ambitions for progress into a modern world. Neptune also made reference to V.S Naipuals Miguel Street demonstrating the downside of the America base, in which the story talk about a c haracter Hat, who appreciated that the American base was not here forever and it would not be smart to give up their jobs. Neptune also stated that other locals stayed away because base work was not in harmony with traditional concept of respectability (Neptune, 1970). The American base also brought crime and violence, during the American stay in Trinidad, the governor allowed the entry of Barbados immigrants to work for the Americans, In March 1942, a totally of 2,000 laborers came to Trinidad to work for the American at a rate of $1.19 (Neptune, 1970), with this the Americans layed off over a hundred locals thereby causing antagonism towards the Barbadians by the locals. On April 3, 1942, a group of Barbadians workers attacked and injured a number of locals at the Arima Princess cinema. The U.S authorities in an attempt to keep peace among the locals and issued a public notice stating that Barbadians were not the reason for the laying off the locals however the British sent home the Barbados workers to reduce the risk of violence. Secondly, racial tension emerged; locals were aggravated with American men since women were lured to them and would prostitute themselves. American were seen as superior by locals since they earned enormous amounts of m oney, in addition, their fashion and language were all factors that the locals admired. Conclusion World War II profoundly transformed the economy and society of Trinidad and Tobago as an outcome of the Base for Destroyers Agreement between the United States of America and Britain. Both positive and negative effects of the American base were evident. The American base in Trinidad made immense changes in the trade industry in which agriculture decreased and oil boomed. A large number of employment opportunities were created on the base as well as increased wages for workers on the base as well as domestic workers. The American base created the rise in prostitution and violence however it also created development of steel pan, according to Brereton (1982) it dismissed the myths of white supremacy as they, too, performed manual labor and consumed their earnings alongside Trinidadians. Brereton also went on to state that the presence of the United States helped prepare the country for the new era of mass electoral political (Brereton, 1982). The Americans in Trinidad also influenced t he locals style of fashion; locals also admired the American competence, technological advancement and status. Although the government suffered revenue due to maintenance of road and airports, the beneficial influence the American had on Trinidad was much greater.

Navigating the Global- Lost in Translation

The 21st century term, globalization, conceptualizes the contemporary breakdown of traditional barriers and structures between cultural paradigms, culminating in an increasingly interconnected and complex global environment. Manfred Stager, REMIT Professor of Global Studies, describes this trend as the â€Å"increasing desalination of conventional parameters within which individuals imagine their communal existence†. Focusing on the redefinition of cultural and physical boundaries, the quote theorizes the complex and Indeterminate nature of an Interconnected world, and as a result. E uncertainty experienced by Individuals who attempt to navigate it. Sophie Copula's â€Å"Lost in Translation† (2003) comments on agglutination's progressive development toward cultural uniformity, utilizing Tokyo to exhibit habitations of Western and Japanese cultures. Similarly, Witt limeade's â€Å"The Whale† explores the invasion of global forces into Maori culture, depicting the increasing stratifications of traditional values and their eventual submergence by the dominant Western Influence.Both texts explore the conflict between global and local, as well as the need to adapt for individuals to form meaningful connections ND a sense of self-identity. The conflict between local and global forces is the underlying message of â€Å"Lost†, focusing on the Journey of Bob and Charlotte as they attempt to navigate the cultural uncertainty of Tokyo. Copula capitalizes on Tokyo modern Identity of a technically- advanced hybrid city, using It as a synecdoche for the spread of global Influences, namely Westernizes and the increasing prevalence of technology.The film commences with a taxi ride through the urban centre of Tokyo, featuring an advertisement of the protagonist, Bob, an American movie star, surrounded by Japanese signs and banners. The inclusion of intense neon-lighting is juxtaposed by camera close-ups of Japanese characters, serving to highlight th e combination of the traditional and modern-day, specifically the global pressure toward technology. The Increasing Influence of western culture Is shown by Bob's advertisement being dominating over its Japanese counterparts through the use of camera framing, central placement and MIS en scene.The paradoxical use of an American actor to advertise a Japanese whisky also comments on the decline of Japanese culture, instead replaced by preference of global westernizes images and influences. Despite the physical location of Japan, Copula emphases the deterioration of Japanese culture when faced by globalization and therefore, the conflict between the local and global. In â€Å"The Whale†, Witt Alhambra similarly explores the conflict between local and global, namely the extension of Westernizes and as a consequence, the dissolution of Maori culture.The short story characterizes a Maori elder as he struggles to preserve his native heritage and tradition, stating â€Å"[The others ] felt the pull of the Apache Maori word â€Å"Apache†, meaning white man, both emphasis the increasing influence of Western culture, in correspondence with the ideas explored in â€Å"Lost†. This is paralleled by the motif of the meeting house, representative of the Maori culture, â€Å"The outtake work is pitted with cigarette burns†¦ A name has been chipped into a carved panel†, depicting not only the physical defacement of the temple but also the cultural deterioration of the Maori.As explored in â€Å"Lost†, the final line, â€Å"the whale lifts a fluke of its giant tail to beat the air with its dying agony', metaphorically alludes to he inevitable nature of global hybrid and destruction of cultural diversity, epitomizing the conflict between local and global. In â€Å"Lost†, the increasingly complex global environment is explored through Bob and Charlotte cultural displacement, which they are able to overcome through emotional connectio ns.Attracted to each other by their cultural similarities and local origins, Bob and Charlotte form a relationship based on mutual loneliness and uneasiness within Japan's unfamiliar surroundings, emphasized in a medium shot of Bob and Charlotte fidgeting in a hotel elevator, in Juxtaposition to the motionless Japanese tarots. Evident in the close-up take of Charlotte leaning on Bob's shoulder in a karaoke bar, their emotional bond enables them to adapt and find connections to Japan's fast-paced global culture with greater confidence.Illustrated through wide- shot tinged with a neutral palette, Charlotte blends indistinguishably among the Japanese crowd in the busy Tokyo street, and Bob's final Journey to Tokyo airport is captured by a hand-held camera panning across Tokyo urban skyline, symbolizing their renewed sense of acceptance and self-identity within the global landscape. Hence, in Lost in Translation, Copula emphasizes the need for individuals to adapt to the global influenc es shaping our world, and to realize our own existence and individuality beyond cultural paradigms.This concept is similarly explored in â€Å"The Whale†, however, in contrast to â€Å"Lost†, the inability to adapt to global influences leads to further cultural displacement and isolation. The protagonist's retreat from the cultural influences of globalization is illustrated in the melancholy tone of â€Å"Better to die than to see this changing world. He is too old for it. He is stranded here†, revealing his feelings of alienation within an increasingly westernizes world.His cultural isolation is explored repeatedly through the use of exclusion pronouns, writing â€Å"They wave at him, and beckon him to Join them. He turns away', again metaphorically showing his rejection of globalization and instead choosing to solely clinging to his traditional beliefs. The desertion by his people for the popularized western society alongside his inability to adapt catalyst t he emotional impact of his cultural, epitomized by the bleak statement â€Å"He will be glad to die†. Unlike â€Å"Lost†, the protagonist is

Movies Influence on a Person’s Life

Movies Influence on a Person’s Life Movies have always been used to instruct and entertain people. Throughout history movies have thought people about war, love, life and death. They have made people happy and sad, angry and remorseful. There is no doubt that movies have had some very important effects on people’s behavior. The movies influences affect in young children as they pass through different levels of growing up, and on people who often watch movies and incorporate them in their own real life activities.The primary reason is that movies have cultural and moral influences on people. For instance, Youngsters love to watch the dancing princesses or the evil ninjas, because of a lack of judgment and knowledge. They will copycat the actions and behaviors in everything whether it is playing, clothes or habits. Children do not have the sense to differentiate fact from vision. They think, what they see is real and can happen to them in the future. Furthermore, horror m ovies created from imaginary stories that show the dark sides of life have the primary aim of scaring and shocking the audience.This can lead to the development of fears and insecurities in the mind of a child. Young children like to use phrases from the movies, and experience the same style of living. Children believe that all those ideas, characterized in movies, are good and correct. Movies include various kinds of contents. In some, for example, scenes involving murders are broadcast, in which a person is killing or being killed by someone. This event in fiction may cause a person to justify bloodshed or murder psychologically.In addition, movies also persuade people to think about themselves, people imagine being placed in a movie instead of the original character. This thought can change a person’s behavior in the real life. It is not strange when a writer gives a solution for a problem in the movie; but people may think that this is the only option for facing the same issue in real life, which is not true. Violence and the use of drugs in the movies often put people in an uncomfortable situation, because people might have had personal experience with drugs or other illegal substances.These types of movies have a very bad impact on people. Instead individuals should watch movies where a person can learn something and through that can bring positive behavior in life. Also movies, in which drinking alcohol is illustrated in a positive way, can play a significant role in a person’s decision to begin drinking at an early age. Research proves that drinking alcohol before the age of 16 is a risk factoring which can prevent development later in life.Movies are tools to help people who want to develop culturally, in broader word, Movies have the power to educate people. Like books movies can teach ethics, make a person grateful, and show the different sides of human nature, in addition, to entertaining and keeping a person happy. Instructive movies are more effective for young children, as once they see it, children will never forget it. What a person can do is to propose the movies which he thinks are able to show the accurate conception.Violence shown through movies affects society and may cause criminal activity. Certain movies should be denied the right to be released on the market. A person needs to know that in everything there has to be control and an equal balance. Teachers should also encourage children to take up reading as a hobby or to watch knowledge related movies. Children should be allowed to watch only movies from which they can learn. People shouldn’t watch movies which bring negative thoughts into their personal lives.

Hello Dali! Surrealism and Dadaism essays

Hello Dali! Surrealism and Dadaism essays The Dada/Surrealism movement is referred to as an anarchist movement against art, which at the time was considered another representation of bourgeois power. (Gombrich 593-594) The Menaced Assassin reflects two abiding preoccupations of the Surrealists," writes Gablik Magritte. (Gowing 884) (Gowing 885) (Anderson 1170-1172) You must begin to dream. (Gombrich 591) (Gowing 887) Dali's "paranoiac-critical method" gave his work a pseudo-Freudian twist, and his new work became much like the rest of Surrealist art, paintings of "private fetishes." (Gowing 887) Eventually Dali, along with Magritte and the other Dada artists, was excluded. In the end, in Breton's attempt to keep Surrealism out of the fascist, anarchist world and keep it in the world of the Freudian dream state was a failure. Breton actually moved Surrealism into the anarchist's world that Dada's Tzara had created. New York NY: Harper A History of Art. The Harper American Literature, Vol. 2. Dictionary of the Arts. english.upenn.edu/~jenglish/English104/tzara.html Dadaism by Tristan Tzara Surrealism moved the humanity out of the romantic and classical notions of life and creativity into a world of ongoing and escalating anarchy and devastation. Regardless of its enduring influence on art, Surrealism may never have occurred without the founders of the Dada movement. (Varisco) In accord with the Manifesto of Surrealism of 1924 written in collaboration with Andre Breton, companion poet and dramatist Tristan Tzara wrote in the Zurich Chronicle: "Let us destroy let us be good let us create a new force of gravity. NO equals YES. Dada means nothing . . . and I hate good sense." (Varisco 139(10)) This created the basis for artists Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, Sherman Anderson, and every radical of the early 20th Century. Moreover, although t...

Scope of Political Science essays

Scope of Political Science essays Scope of the Political Science Discipline The study of Political Science is the incorporation of society through the many graduated systems of U.S. politics; international relations; international organizations; comparative politics, and political theory. The main objectives of the discipline are prepare and enable citizens to use strong analytical skills and critical thinking in the analysis of theories, institutions, and processes in political science. The breadth of U.S. politics deals with the society in which we live in today. From the local and state politics to the federal level, we are constantly under the watchful eye of government. The daily interactions of citizens shapes and molds our society to be distinct from any other. Through the study of our political community, we learn the basics that allow us to become better citizens. Therefore, creating better communities. The next level of advancing a community is on the international level. Through the advancement in technology we now live in a world that is closely linked. In the study of International Relations, we learn to analyze our foreign policy issues that affect not only the U.S. but also the international community. The economic welfare of the U.S. depends heavily on our foreign policy, which is crucial to maintain the daily luxuries we enjoy. Part of the scope of international relations is the study of comparative politics. By studying the operations of governments around the world, we can better improve our relations and alliances. However, a large part of understanding other governments is not only to the benefit of Americans. Through educating ourselves in this subject, we as citizens of the world can also help improve the lives of others who live under repressive government regimes. Underlying all the politics of government, the core of Political Science is in the theories that conceptualized our actions. The beginning of ...

Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Quality Management - Essay Example The government findings produced a 600 pages report that indicated problems within the management system. The problems included breakdowns in emergency care, an unorganized framework for keeping record of patients and improper treatment of medical waste. The emergency units were dirty and unhealthy. The patients moved around in the corridors, lost and unattended. Children were not attended immediately and were discharged without any medical attention. The entire chaos resulted from the inefficient handling of the five P’s and thus the CEO was fired when he/she suggested the improvement of the organization by the means of engaging more nurses, redefining the policies and procedures, and retraining the staffs. The CEO’s suggestion included the three P’s namely People, Processes and Policies; however he/she missed the vital P’s that represent Product and Premises. Here the effect is the â€Å"Unorganized management and inefficient services† and the probable factors causing this are lack of trained employees, lack of adequate funds, and lack of training provider, conflict between employees and management and unskilled and inexperienced management. The elements of the 5P Model include people, processes, policies, premises and product. Policies are the guidelines for the actions of the university. This is on the whole an enabler and influencer of the 4 other P’s and factors for the resources allocation (money, effort and time etc.) to the accomplishment of the firm’s service quality objectives. People are the staffs and professors related to the University. Processes are the procedure by means of which tasks are done within the University. Premises are the location of the University and Product is the education it is imparting to the students. In this regard it can be said that efficient functioning of all the five factors are essential for the smooth running of the University. If one among the five elements doesn’t get

Descartes and the Existence of Evil Demon Essay

Descartes and the Existence of Evil Demon - Essay Example Central to his argument is the fact that his knowledge of God is anchored on a distinct idea on the existence of a supreme being (Marion, 2008). As such, there must be the existence of an idea first before a given claim of body of knowledge is verified. For Descartes, this distinct idea resided in his mind. It is this idea that gave him the essence of God as a supreme being. It is an idea that could not be verified through empirical methods. The existence of an Evil Demon, in line with the thinking of Descartes, can only obtain if it is backed by a distinct idea.   There must first exist the essence of the Evil Demon that is developed into Descartes mind in order for him to make a claim about the existence of such a being. One of the central arguments upheld by Descartes is that essence relates to existence. It would follow logically that the absence of essence effectively eliminates all possibilities of existence. Without the essence of the Evil Demon in distinct form it would be vacuous to assert any claim of such an existence. Therefore, this would mean that Descartes could claim the existence of God but not make any assertions on whether or not some Evil Demon actually exists (Marion, 2008). Proof of such existence could be derived from other serious arguments, or by employing some logical claims outside the boundaries established by Descartes methods.   Descartes knowledge of God was based on the theory of ideas which people can relate with. He believed that it is possible for things to exist without their very nature of existence being confirmed by any evidence. He did not consider it necessary to seek out for measure of quantifiable evidence that would offer evidence for the existence of God. According to him, the mind can generate knowledge of its own through the power of intuition. The practice of intuition basically demands changing the mind to the essence of ideas without establishing the evidence of experience or